Debian安装docker-ce指南

最后更新于 2024-08-17 71 次阅读


前言

在Ubuntu,或者Debian系列的操作系统中,只提供了非官方的Docker安装包(Docker.io),安装Docker-CE(Docker官方维护的Docker),可能会遇到安装的不是docker的问题:

moetech@Virtual-Machine:~$ sudo apt remove wmdocker docker
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  linux-image-6.1.0-22-amd64
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  docker wmdocker
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 58.4 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 65852 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing docker (1.5-2) ...
Removing wmdocker (1.5-2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...

但是,其实安装的不是docker,而是另一个包,这个是wmdocker。如果要正确安装docker,需要选择docker.io或者docker-ce,安装docker-ce则需要添加软件源。

开始安装

Step 1. 配置软件源

这里使用国内镜像源:https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/docker-ce, 如用的是国外服务器,可以用官方源进行安装。

1. 安装依赖

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common

不管有没有装,防止缺少依赖

2. 添加GPG公钥和软件源

Debian:

install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Ubuntu:

install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Step 2. 开始安装

使用apt命令进行安装即可

apt-get update
apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Step 3. 测试

使用docker version可以查看docker的版本信息,包括服务器和命令行工具

docker version

然后使用docker run hello-world拉取并启动hello-world容器,如果没有出现报错就正常了

安装docker-compose

Step 1. 下载docker-compose

docker-compose在github上面有,具体可以到https://github.com/docker/compose/releases进行下载

使用wget命令:

wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.29.2/docker-compose-linux-x86_64

Step 2. 重命名

mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 docker-compose

Step 3.移动并赋予可执行权限

sudo mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

Step 4.查看docker-compose版本

docker-compose --version

参考文档:docker-ce | 镜像站使用帮助 | 北京外国语大学开源软件镜像站 | BFSU Open Source Mirror